Marketing Management Essay Example

Marketing Management Essay | You are here: * Home * Business * Small Business Information * Marketing * Marketing management Marketing/Marketing management Advertisement Expert:  Leo Lingham   10/7/2009 Question Sir could you please answer the following two questions for me? I need your help in answering these. PLease reply me as soon as possible. 1. Marketing management an artistic exercise and therefore highly subjective versus marketing management is largely a scientific excercise with well established guidelines and criteria 2. How does cause or corporate societal marketing affect consumers personal behavior? Clarify in context to the products and services you are using or planning to purchase. Answer SARA, HERE IS   SOME USEFUL   MATERIAL. REGARDS LEO LINGHAM ========================================= 1. Marketing management an artistic exercise and therefore highly subjective versus marketing management is largely a scientific excercise with well established guidelines and criteria MARKETING   MANAGEMENT   IS   A   SCIENTIFIC EXERCISE   WITH   ESTABLISHED GUIDELINES/ OBJECTIVES. SCOPE   Ã‚  OF   MARKETING   MANAGEMENT Establish   , direct, administer   and   coordinate the   overall product marketing programs   Ã‚  for   all   Ã‚  Products.. Strategically   plan for, develop   and profitably penetrate   the   markets to which   the   products, services   and   capabilities   of   the   company   can be directed. These   activities   include -studying economic indicators -tracking   changes in   supply   and   demand -identifying customers   and   their   current   and   future needs -monitoring the competition. ========================================================= THIS SCOPE   IS   Ã‚  THE RESULT   OF THE   FOLLOWING: * Analysis * Discussion * judgement Illustration * Decision ON   THESE   Ã‚  ELEMENTS. External Analysis 1. Customer Analysis Segments Motivations Unmet Needs 2. Competitor Analysis Identify Performance Image Objectives Strategies Strengths Weaknesses 3. Market Analysis Size Projected Growth Entry Barriers D istribution System Trends Key Success factors 4. Environmental Analysis Technology Government Regulations Economic Trend I A. Opportunities B. Threats C. Trends D. Others Customer/Market Segment Analysis SEGMENTATION Biggest Customers/Market Segments Profitable ones/Attractive Potential We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Needs Buying Characteristics CONSIDER THE VARIABLES 1) Benefits sought 2) Usagelevel 3) Application 4) Organisational type 5) Geographic location 6) Customer loyalty 7) Price sensitivity 8) Competition MOTIVATION What elements of the product/service do the Customers/segments value most? What are their objectives? What are they really buying? What are their priorities? What changes are taking place? UNMET NEEDS Why are some customers/segments dissatisfied? Why are some changing brands or suppliers? What are some unmet needs they can identify? What are some unmet needs they are unaware of? Competition Analysis WHO ARE THE COMPETITORS? †¢ Against whom do we usually compete? †¢ Who are our most intense competitors? †¢ Who are our less intense but still serious competitors? †¢ What are the substitute products? †¢ Can these competitors be grouped on the basis of their products or strategies? †¢ Are there any potential competitive entrants? EVALUATING THE COMPETITORS †¢ What are their strategies? Their level of commitment? Do they have a significant advantage or disadvantage? †¢ What is their image/positioning strategy? †¢ Which are the most successful/unsuccessful competitors? Why? What are their strengths/weaknesses? †¢ What are their leverage points? Structure of the Segment/Customer 1. SIZE AND GROWTH †¢ What are their size and growth characteristics? †¢ What are the driving forces behind their sales trends? 2. POTENTIAL AND PROFITABILITY †¢ How intense is the competition among existing suppliers? †¢ What is the threat from potential entrants? †¢ What is the bargaining power of suppliers? †¢ What is the bargaining power of buyers? †¢ How difficult is selling into these accounts or segments? 3. PRICE †¢ What are the value added components for various types of competitors? . DISTRIBUTION †¢ What are the alternative ways of servicing this segment or account? 5. TRENDS †¢ What are the trends in this segment/customer? 6. KEY SUCCESS FACTORS †¢ What are the key success factors needed to compete successfully? Environmental Analysis 1. TECHNOLOGY †¢What technological development or trends are affecting or could affect the segment/customer? †¢To what extent are existing technologies maturing? 2. GOVERNMENT †¢What changes in regulations are possible? †¢What will their impact be? 3. ECONOMICS †¢What are economic prospects and inflation in which the segment/customer operates? How will they affect strategy? 4. GENERAL TRENDS †¢ What are the significant trends/future events? †¢What threats and opportunities do you see? †¢What are the areas of uncertainty? †¢What is the impact of these on your strategy? Internal Analysis 1. Performance Analysis †¢ Sales †¢ Profitability †¢ Product Quality †¢ Customer Satisfaction †¢ Cost †¢ Product Performance 2. Determinants of Strategic Options †¢ Past Strategy †¢ Current Strategy †¢ Strategic Problems †¢ Organisational capabilities and Constraints †¢ Strengths †¢ Weaknesses A. Strengths B. Weaknesses C. Problems D. Constraints E. Others OPPORTUNITIES What to look for New Market Segments New Customer More sales in the current customers New end uses New / modified products New geographical locations Displacing competition Others: THREATS What to look f or Competition Declining Market Reduction in the No. s of customers Others UNCERTAINTIES What to look for Demand Legislation Availability †¢ Technical Development (Product) †¢ Financial Resource †¢ Pricing / G. P. †¢ Customer Satisfaction / Buying Policies †¢ Others OBSTACLES What to look for Sales Representation Production /Raw Materials Sourcing Distribution Inadequate Promotion Support †¢ Inventory Customer Service †¢ Others Sustainable Competitive Advantage, What are they? 1 . Reputation 2. Quality 3. Customer Service 4. Product Support 5. Productline depth? 6. Productline breadth? 7. Technical superiority 8. Customer base 9. Market share 10. Size 11. Distribution 12. Adaptable operation 13. Sales force network 14. Powerful wellknown parent comp any 15. Good engineering 16. Distributor support 17. Customer oriented 18. Continued product innovation 19. Product convenience 20. Financial package THE OUTCOME   OF   THESE ANALYSES AND   DECISIONS : . Corporate   VISION 2. Corporate   Mission 3. Corporate   Objective 4. Corporate   Strategy 5. Corporate   Organization   Policy/ Budget   Guidelines. 6. Corporate   MARKETING   Ã‚  objective/ strategy 7. Corporate   Sales   forecasts USING   THE   ABOVE   FOUNDATION, THE   MARKETING DEPARTMENT DEVELOPS MARKETING OBJECTIVES. MARKETING   Ã‚  MANAGEMENT   Ã‚  Ã‚  HAVE OBJECTIVES. THE   MARKETING   OBJECTIVES   ARE   SCIENTIFICALLY   DERIVED. FIRST PRIME   OBJECTIVE   Ã‚  OF   MARKETING -is   to   support   and   help the   organization   to   achieve   the   CORPORATE   OBJECTIVES. - SECOND   OBJECTIVE -THE   SECOND   IMPORTANT   OBJECTIVE   OF   MARKETING   is   to   enable   the   Ã‚     organization   survive and   prosper   through meeting   needs   and   wants   of   customers   by matching   a   companys capabilities   with customer   needs / wants. THIRD   OBJECTIVE -to   provide   an agreed. consistent   and   well   directed   target   range   of volume for   all   departmental   functions,   which will   help   them   to   streamline their   activities for   the   period. *finance *manufacturing/ production *human   resource tc etc - FOURTH   OBJECTIVE -to provide   the   marketing department   a   tool to   Ã‚  plan and   manage   its   activities,   THROUGH   Ã‚  MARKETING   PLAN. FIFTH   OBJECTIVE -TO   provide   a   stretch   points   Ã‚  for   setting   sub-objectives /planning/   strategies for   Ã‚  MARKETING   Ã‚  DEPARTMENT. *market   share   target. *competitive   standing   target. *customer   awareness   target.. *cu stomer   retention   target *new   products   target SIXTH   OBJECTIVE -to   provide   a   method devised   to achieve   the   objectives in   the   promotion MIX. SEVENTH   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OBJECTIVE -TO   provide   a   stretch   points   Ã‚  for   setting   sub-objectives /planning/   strategies for   SALES   MANAGEMENT *product   coverage. *customer coverage. *geographical   Ã‚  area   coverage. etc - EIGHTH   OBJECTIVE -TO   provide   a   stretch   points   Ã‚  for   setting   sub-objectives /planning/   strategies for   Ã‚  Ã‚  DISTRIBUTION   MANAGEMENT *distribution   penetration   target. NINTH   Ã‚  OBJECTIVE -TO   provide   a   stretch   points   Ã‚  for   setting   sub-objectives /planning/   strategies for   CUSTOMER   Ã‚  SERVICE   Ã‚  MANAGEMENT *customer   satisfaction   level. TENTH   Ã‚  OBJECTIVE -TO   provide   a   stretch   points   Ã‚  for   setting   sub-objectives /planning/   strategies for   OVER ALL   Ã‚  CONTROL   Ã‚  THROUGH   Ã‚  RESEARCH. *consumer   research. *customer   satisfaction surveys. *internal   operation   research. *distribution   study *marketing research etc etc ============================================== THE   MARKETING OBJECTIVES   ARE BASED ON   THE SCIENTIFIC   DATA   PROVIDED   BY -consumer   research   data -market   research   data -market   surveys -market   analysis -competitors   analysis -product   analysis -product   test   analysis -product   plans -test   market   results -market strategy   Ã‚  analysis -sales   analysis -distribution   analysis -media   analysis -promotion analysis -customer satisfaction   Ã‚  survey -retail audit   data -marketing   auditing   data -market   forecast -sales   forecast -sales   planning   data -distribution   planning -customer   analysis -market   segment   analysis consumer [   socio/economic /demographic/psychograph ic]   data ETC   ETC. ================================================== FROM THE   CORPORATE   MARKETING OBJECTIVES AND GUIDELINES,   WE   DEVELOP   THE MARKETING   PLAN. 1. EXECUTIVE   SUMMARY 2. SITUATION   ANALYSISMARKET   ANALYSIS -market   needs -market trends -market   potential and   growth -market characteristics -market   segments etc 3. SITUATION ANALYSISCOMPANY   ANALYSIS -strengths -weaknesses 4. BUSINESS   ENVIRONMENT -political -economic -social -technology -opportunities -threats -competition -services -keys to success -critical   issues -channels 5. MARKETING   STRATEGIES marketing   objectives -financial   objectives -target   marketing -positioning -marketing strategy 6. MARKETING   MIX -products -pricing -promotion -distribution -channels -marketing   research 7. SALES   PLANS 8. FINANCE -sales forecast -expense   forecast -contribution   margin. 9. IMPLEMENTATION   Ã‚  PLANS -milestones -time   schedule 1 0. MARKETING   /   SALES   ORGANIZATION 11. CONTROL   SYSTEM -time   schedule -action   plan. 12. CONTINGENCY   Ã‚  PLANNING. ======================================= NOW   WE   CAN SEE   THAT, Marketing management is   not an artistic exercise and   highly subjective, BUT   IT IS AN EXERCISE   OF scientific   analysis   of   data. -scientifically   tested objectives, which   are achieveable with   a   well planned   programs. ############################################## 2. How does cause or corporate societal marketing affect consumers personal behavior? Clarify in context to the products and services you are using or planning to purchase. The societal marketing concept is an enlightened marketing that holds that a company should make good marketing decisions by considering consumers wants, the companys requirements and societys long run interests. It is closely linked with the principles of Corporate Social Responsibility and of Sustainable Development. The concept has an emphasis on social responsibility and suggests that it is not sufficient for a company to only focus on exchange relationship with customers might not be in order to sustain long term success. Marketing strategy rather should deliver value to customers in a way that maintains or improves both the consumers and the societys well-being. Most companies recognize that socially responsible activities improve their image among customers, stockholders, the financial community, and other relevant publics. Ethical and socially responsible practices are simply good business, resulting not only in favorable image, but ultimately in increased sales. ===================== For example   IN   SOCIETAL   MARKETING. †¢Proctor ; Gamble Pakistan has introduced the brand of fat free oil to prevent the growing ratio of heart disease. ============================================= †¢Various automobile manufacturers are focusing more on producing CNG cars that is not only environmental friendly but it is also very economical. So this trend is getting popular very quickly. One can verify it by observing the increasing number of CNG stations. ========================================================== †¢There are various companies that are favoring the use of recycled paper to aid more life to trees. ================================================== *McDonalds   Environmentalism Throughout the late 1980s, McDonalds instituted and publicized a number of environmentally positive steps in its domestic operations. It reduced consumption, for instance, by using lighter weight paper in straws, paper bags and other items and recycled paper and cardboard packaging. In 1987, it switched from polystyrene (used for the clamshells) blown with CFCs, the family of chemicals which destroy the ozone layer, to plastic foam that used hydrocarbon blowing agents (Annual Report, 1989, pp. 10-15). In 1989, the company instituted a pilot program in 450 New England stores to recycle its plastic clamshells (Livesey, 1993, pp. 12-14). In April, 1990, it committed $100 million, or one quarter of the companys annual building and remodeling budget, to buy recycled materials for restaurant construction, remodeling, and operations under a program called McRecycle (Livesey, 1993, pp. 13-14). ============================================================ *ADIDAS has embarked on a number of projects , all community based. -better pay for local workers in the under-developed countries. -avoiding under-age employees. -support for local community sports. -offer of free sports gears for talents. -sports events sponsorship. -supporting the construction of sports grounds. -chea per brands for selected countries etc etc. ======================================= *COCA COLA has programs for -local water supply -community developments like sports etc etc etc ===================================== *McDONALDS have programs for local school sports support -scholarships for talents etc etc ============================ While some businesses view corporate social responsibilty (CSR) as an image enhancement tool with no tangible benefits, many organisations are increasingly concerned about managing social issues to benefit stakeholder interests. In todays increasingly competitive and changing marketplace CSR can become a competitive advantage. Specifically, consumers’ perceptions of a firm’s corporate social responsibility have been shown to influence their attitudes toward a company , particularly when committing to a purchase. CSR is reflected in practice by   businesses adopting a societal marketing focus. Societal marketing has been shown to have a positive impact on consumer attitudes and behaviour in various countries . Indeed many companies attribute societal marketing as a major success factor . Societal marketing as a business philosophy can be implemented in many ways including concern for the environment, employee schemes and involvment in specific social causes or cause related marketing. Corporate Social Responsibility and Societal Marketing While there is no widely accepted definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) defines CSR as ‘the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve quality of life’ (WBSCD, 2000). Hence, CSR is the voluntary adoption by companies of responsibilities beyond purely economic or legal responsibilities . The societal marketing concept introduces corporate social responsibility (CSR) into marketing practices. Societal marketing incorporates a focus on the consumer’s and society’s well-being . Research executed in many countries has consistently shown that consumers express a more positive attitude toward a company that practices societal marketing, and additionally prefer to purchase the products of these companies . Corporate Image Various definitions of corporate image exist. Corporate image is sometimes seen as synonymous with corporate reputation or as different to corporate reputation but interrelated. Part of the confusion results from the various uses of the term ‘corporate image’ by both practitioners and academics to the extent that corporate image and corporate identity are often used interchangeably and imprecisely . Corporate image is the net result of the interaction of a person’s beliefs, ideas, feelings and impressions about a company and exists in the mind of that person . Corporate image is the totality of a stakeholder’s perceptions of the way an organisation presents itself, either deliberately by controllable sources or accidentally by uncontrollable sources. Over the last three decades, several models of corporate image formation have been developed by various authors . These models propose various factors effecting corporate image formatiot. The results of these studies provide the foundation for model development. Consumers’ attitudes towards corporate image is influenced by three key factors: corporate marketing communications in general, the specific features of the societal marketing program implemented by the company, and consumer demographics. There are three types of corporate marketing communications: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary communication refers to communication directly to or with a consumer or initiated by a consumer including direct interaction with a staff member, attendance at corporate seminars or events and visiting a compnaies website. Secondary communication is identified as a system for visual identification and formal corporate communications, for example through advertising, public relations, graphic design and sales promotion. Typically secondary communication is mass communication. Tertiary communication refers to word-of-mouth and Societal marketing program O Program symbolism O Behaviour O Program communications Demographic characteristics O Gender O Age O Education level O Income level O Marital status Consumers’ attitude   towards corporate image Corporate marketing communications (general) O Primary communications O Secondary communications O Tertiary communications ====================================================== OF   Ã‚  COURSE,   AS   AN   USER   Ã‚  OF 1. McDONALD   FAST   FOOD, -I admire   their   hygiene   Ã‚  approach. -their   contribution to   the   community   school support   program. 2. ADDIDAS -their   contribution to the   local   community   sports development. ###################################################### Add to this Answer * Ask a Question Related Articles * Writing a Business Plan Market Analysis * Product#39;s Ready! Now What? 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It can also be defined as the combination of all technical and administrative actions, including supervision actions, intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform a required function Maintenance Management All the activities of the management that determine the maintenance objectives or priorities (defined as targets assigned and accepted by the management and maintenance department), strategies (defined as a management method in order to achieve maintenance objectives), and responsibilities and implement them by means such as maintenance planning, maintenance control and supervision, and several improving methods including economical aspects in the organization. The term ‘maintenance’ means to keep the equipment in operational condition or repair it to its operational mode. Main objective of the maintenance is to have increased availability of production systems, with increased safety and optimized cost. Maintenance management involves managing the functions of maintenance. Maintaining equipment in the field has been a challenging task since the beginning of industrial revolution. Since then, a significant of progress has been made to maintain equipment effectively in the field. As the engineering equipment becomes sophisticated and expensive to produce and maintain, maintenance management has to face even more challenging situations to maintain effectively such equipments in industrial environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This brief lecture on maintenance management includes maintenance strategies, functions of maintenance department, maintenance organization and elements of maintenance management. MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES OR OPTIONS A maintenance strategy or option means a scheme for maintenance, i. e. an elaborate and systematic plan of maintenance action. Following are the maintenance strategies [1] that are commonly applied in the plants. * Breakdown Maintenance or Operate to Failure or Unplanned Maintenance * Preventive or Scheduled Maintenance * Predictive or Condition Based Maintenance Opportunity Maintenance * Design out Maintenance The equipment under breakdown maintenance is allowed to run until it breaks down and then repairing it and putting back to operation. This strategy is suitable for equipments that are not critical and have spare capacity or redundancy available. In preventive or scheduled Maintenance, maintenance actions such as inspection, lubrication, cleaning, adjustment and repla cement are undertaken at fixed intervals of numbers of hours or Kilometers. An effective PM program does help in avoidance of accidents. Condition monitoring (CM) detects and diagnoses faults and it helps in planned maintenance based on equipment condition. This condition based maintenance strategy or predictive maintenance is preferred for critical systems and for such systems breakdown maintenance is to be avoided. A number of CM techniques such as vibration, temperature, oil analysis, etc. have been developed, which guide the users in planned maintenance [2]. In opportunity maintenance, timing of maintenance is determined by the procedure adopted for some other item in the same unit or plant. In design out maintenance, the aim is to minimize the effect of failures and in fact eliminates the cause of maintenance. Although it is an engineering design problem, yet it is often a responsibility of maintenance department. This is opted for items of high maintenance cost that are due to poor maintenance, poor design or poor design outside design specifications. It may be mentioned that a best maintenance strategy for each item should be selected by considering its maintenance characteristics, cost and safety. In addition to the above, new strategies concepts such as Proactive Maintenance, Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM), Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), etc. have recently been evolved to look it from different perspectives and this has helped in developing effective maintenance. In proactive maintenance, the aim is identify what can go wrong, i. e. by monitoring of parameters that can cause failures. In RCM, the type of maintenance is chosen with reliability of the system in consideration, i. e. system functions, failures relating to those functions and effects of the dominant functional system failures. This strategy in the beginning was applied to critical systems such as aircrafts, nuclear and space applications. At present, this is being extended to critical systems in the plant. TPM, a Japanese concept, involves total participation of all concerned. The aim is to have overall effectiveness of the equipment with participation of all concerned using productive maintenance system. FUNTIONS OF A MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT Following are the major functions of a maintenance department [3-4]: * Maintenance of installed equipment and facilities * Installations of new equipment and facilities PM tasks – Inspection and lubrication of existing equipment * CM tasks – monitoring of faults and failures using appropriate techniques * Modifications of already installed equipment and facilities * Management of inventory * Supervision of manpower * Keeping records MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION It concerns in achieving an optimum balance between plant availability and maintenance resource uti lization. The two organization structures that are common are: Centralized and Decentralized. A decentralized structure would probably experience a lower utilization than centralized one but would be ble to respond quickly to breakdowns and would achieve higher plant availability. In practice, one may have a mix of these two. A maintenance organization can be considered as being made up three necessary and interdependent components. 1. Resources: men, spares and tools 2. Administration: a hierarchy of authority and responsibility for deciding what, when and how work should be carried out. 3. Work Planning and Control System: a mechanism for planning and scheduling the work and feeding back the information that is needed for correctly directing the maintenance effort towards defined objective. It may be mentioned that maintenance / production system is a continuously evolving organism in which the maintenance organization will need continuous modifications in response to changing requirements. Moreover, it is required to match the resources to workload. Maintenance activities – be it preventive or condition monitoring, involve use of resources- men and materials including documents. This requires coordination amongst the involved personnel so that these are timely undertaken. Work planning and control system under maintenance management in the plant ensures this and provides planning and control of activities associated with maintenance. This means application of general management principles of planning, organizing, directing and controlling to the maintenance functions, e. g. to the establishment of procedures for development of maintenance strategy and to models for describing the flow of work through maintenance work planning department. Control system controls the maintenance cost and plant condition. ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT An effective maintenance system includes the following elements [3-4]: * Maintenance Policy * Control of materials * Preventive Maintenance * Condition Monitoring * Work Order * Job planning * Priority and backlog control * Data recording system * Performance measurement measures or indices Maintenance performance for a plant or an organization can be assessed through analysis of Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) plant data. Relevant parameters, measures or indices for specific plants can be identified [5]. The performance over a period of time will show if it is improving, going down or being sustained. This will also help in knowing how well the objectives are being met. In addition, it will guide the areas which are strong and which need to be strengthened. Use of computers and dedicated software will certainly help in implementing this and the maintenance management system in general. CONCLUSION The above lecture has briefly focused on the various aspects of maintenance management. Maintenance is expected to play even much bigger role in years to follow, as industries worldwide are going through an increasing and stiff competition and increased automation of plants. The down time cost for such systems is expected to be very high. To meet these challenges, maintenance has to use latest technology and management skills in all spheres of activities to perform its effective role in profitability of the company.

Carl Jung essays

Carl Jung essays Carl Jung was born in 1875 in Switzerland. He was a disciple of Sigmund Freud. He helped Freud develop and refine psychoanalytic theory. (Zimbardo Pg.391) After a conflict between them Jung and Freud separated. Jung wrote a book called Symbols of Transformation. In which he disagreed with Freuds ideas about repressed wishes. Jung also disagreed with Freud on how import Freud thought sexuality was. Carl Jung emphasized that the unconscious determines a persons personality. He claimed that the unconscious had two layers. The first was the personal unconscious. This is where a persons individual memories are stored. The Jung term for the personal unconscious is a portion of the unconscious corresponding roughly to the Freudian id.(Zimbardo Pg.391) This is where the important details are stored when they are repressed or forgotten about. The second layer is the collective unconscious. This is an inaccessible layer that contains all learned experiences. The collective unconscious involves a reservoir for instinctive memories which exist in all living people. They bound together generations of human history. (Zimbardo pg. 391) These bounds of history are called archetypes. Jung also said that the collective unconscious is hereditary. Archetypes have two main groups, the anima or animus and shadow. The anima archetype for males and the animus archetype for females. The anima archetype is the female side of the masculine personality and the animus is the masculine side of the female personality. (Britanica.com) The shadow is descriptive in its name. This is the dark and negative side of our personality. Jung said that the shadow represents, the destructive and aggressive tendencies that we dont recognize in our personalities. ( Zimbardo Pg.392) Jungs concept of principle of opposites portrays each personality as a balance between opposing pa...

Victor & Rolf brand analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Victor & Rolf brand analysis - Essay Example Two Dutch Designers Viktor Horsting and Rolf Snoeren (amazingly identical to each other in some styles) mutually started this company in 1993, after their Graduation from the same academy, Arnhem Academy of Arts and Design. They said that they got inspiration from a German TV Program and thus decided to come in the fashion world and show their creativity (Menkes 2003). During the whole journey of their Business Viktor & Rolf have made collaboration with many other brands which include Samsonite, Shu Umeura, H&M and Piper Hiedsiek and this list include many others at small scale. Viktor & Rolf had also won certain prizes for their contribution in the fashion industry. They also presented their creations in certain exhibitions, art galleries and festivals and also got appreciation. Both the Founders of Viktor and Rolf are very much famous for their unique and surreal style of presenting their clothing lines. They actually try to twirl mind's eye in to veracity. About the Brand: The bra nd Viktor & Rolf was launched in Paris in 1993 at first. At the start both the founders of Viktor & Rolf assist some other designers and tried on their own ideas in the evening spare time (Viktor & Rolf: A Biography, 2012). Viktor & Rolf offered men’s and women’s wear and also include Haute Couture. ... In the mid of 2000’s, Viktor & Rolf entered in to the new voyage and offered a fragrance for women, in collaboration with L’Oreal, naming the Flowerbomb. Later they themselves progressed in this perfume industry. The Dutch Designers Viktor & Rolf are popular for their claims to change the imaginations in to the real world. The news has been roaming around from the start of 2013 that this year Victor & Rolf are again presenting their old Haute Couture fashion back and thus celebrating the 20 years of success in this way (Diderich 2013). Products: The company under the brand name of Viktor & Rolf is providing apparels, Clothing, shoes, perfumes, eye-wares and other accessories. Viktor & Rolf are working on men and women wear, ready to wear clothes, Haute Couture (special kind of fancy but hand-made clothing) and a perfume line also. Initially these clothing lines were introduced only for females only later on the lines for men were also introduced. Within all these produc t lines, the prominent and appealing feature is the creativity and innovativeness among the offers. Flowerbomb was the First ever perfume launched by Viktor & Rolf. This product was launched in Paris in the mid of 2000’s. The ladies perfume launched by the fashion brand, Viktor and Rolf, is so much popular that everyone wants to have it in her perfume collection. They are also working on the fragrances which can be offered for males. The bottle of the perfume Flowerbomb is like hand grenade. Its unique shape and sweet fragrance also adds points to the offered product. It is also included in the list of top ranking women perfumes (Smith 2005). The perfume Flowerbomb after gaining much success, launched in US, hoping to catch the huge market as

The Mongol Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Mongol Empire - Essay Example The history of the Empire started from 1218, when an interesting event shaped the empire and more particularly the life of Genghis Khan, from a nomadic person to the conqueror of the world. A trade convoy starting their travel from the Mongol lands, heading towards the Persian area that now lay in modern Uzbekistan, was stopped unexpectedly by the Persian State Ruler. The ruler suspected that the caravan was one of the Mongolian spies, so he mutilated the men, raped women and seized all the goods that the group was carrying with them. The doubt was not something out of the world; in fact, the Mongols were very intelligent people at gathering information from around the world that benefited them. At the Mongolian side, this was a strict violation of the peace treaty that assured that the trade caravans will be safe from any damage. And for Genghis Khan, this was an unforgivable violation. Genghis sent a letter to the Persian Empire that the Governor who conducted the offense must be i mmediately called to withdraw from his position. The Persians were not in a mood to change one of their loyal rulers. They turned the message that the Mongols had sent and put the Mongol emissaries to death. This was the background of the annexation of Persian Empire by the Mongols. Although the Mongols are famous for their frightful bloodshed fights, this initiation was not one of them. Here Genghis Khan used his mind to capture the commonwealth. The intellects of Persia were their driving force and Khan gave great respect to all of them.

Wal-Mart Essay Example for Free

Wal-Mart Essay Wal-mart is the world’s largest retailer. The company employs some 1. 8million people,operates3,900 stores in the united states and 2,700 in the rest of the world, and generated sales of $345 billion in the fiscal year ending january31,2007. some $77billion of these sales wrer generated in 15 nations out side of the united states. Facing a slowdown in growth in the united states, wal-mart began its international expansion in the early 1900s when it entered mexico, teaming up in a joint venture with cifra, mexico’s largest retailer, to open series of super-centers that sell both groceris and general merchandise. Initially the retailer hit some headwinds in mexico. It quickly discovered that shopping habits wewe different. Most people prefered to buy fresh produce at local stores, particularly items like meat, tortillas , and pan dulce, which didn’t keep well overnight. Many consumers also lacked cars, and did not buy in large volumes as in the united states. Wal-mart adjusted its strategy to meet the local conditions, hiring local managers who understood mexican culture, letting those managers control merchandising strategy, building smaller stores that people could walk to, and offering more fresh produce, at the same time, the company beliveed that it could gradually change the shopping culture in mexico, educating consumers by showing them the benefits of its american merchandising culture. After all, wal-mart’s managers reasoned, people once shopped at small stores in the united states, but starting in the 1950s they increasingly gravidistribution systems in mexico, wal-mart was able to lower its own costes, which it passed on to mexico’s largest retailer, and the country is widely considered to be the companys most successful foreign venture.

My Personal Identity Essay -- Personal Narrative, Identity Essay

A person’s identity is shaped by many different aspects. Family, culture, friends, personal interests and surrounding environments are all factors that tend to help shape a person’s identity. Some factors may have more of an influence than others and some may not have any influence at all. As a person grows up in a family, they are influenced by many aspects of their life. Family and culture may influence a person’s sense of responsibilities, ethics and morals, tastes in music, humor and sports, and many other aspects of life. Friends and surrounding environments may influence a person’s taste in clothing, music, speech, and social activities. Personal interests are what truly set individuals apart. An individual is not a puppet on the string of their puppet-master, nor a chess piece on their master’s game board, individuals choose their own paths in life. They accomplish, or strive to accomplish, goals that they have set for themselves thro ughout their lifetime. Individuals are different from any other individual in the world because they live their own life rather than following a crowd of puppets. A person’s identity is defined by what shaped it in the first place, why they chose to be who they are, and what makes them different from everybody else in the world. I feel that I have developed most of my identity from my own dreams, fantasies, friends, and idols. I am who I am partly because of my family, but mostly because of who I want myself to be. I will never be exactly what I want to be because of my family upbringing, but I can provide myself with opportunities to live a somewhat similar life. I would have loved to be brought up in a family that was into off-road racing, such as trucks, snowmobiles, an... ...far, education has had no real impact on the person that I am, but hopefully by the time I finish college, it will. I am very proud of the person that I have become. I have followed my own dreams, fantasies, friends, and idols to become the person that I am today. My family has influenced me as far as morals and values, my friends have influenced me in social activities, speech, and clothing, and my fantasies and idols have given me something to strive for in my life. Once a person takes the time to truly get to know me, they tend to see me as one of the greatest guys that they have ever met. I will continue to live my life for individual that I am while taking into other people and not doing anything that may negatively affect another person’s life. I am currently very happy with the person that I am and will continue keep myself happy until the day I die.

Can We Know When to Trust Our Emotions in the Pursuit of Knowledge? Essay

The question advocates that we can from time to time trust our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge. And generally we presume that it may be possible to know when to trust emotions and that emotions can help us in the acquisition of knowledge. And you may challenge these presumptions. Maybe it is not possible to know when to trust our emotions, and maybe our emotions have a limited value in the pursuit of knowledge, but to what I aim to analyse is to what extent do our emotions play a role in the pursuit of knowledge. After being elected as the captain of my house, a post which came armed with heavy responsibilities, my luck struck out in getting the ideal vice captain to assist me. Hence, I was forced to consider replacing my vice captain. Be that as it may, it just so happened that this replacement happens to be a good friend of mine, which led me to question whether or not I was doing the right thing. Am I choosing to replace my current vice captain out of whats best for my house or am I simply replacing him out of the emotional attachment for my good friend. Taking my emotions into consideration, my judgment is affected to some extent, but at the same time it doesn’t mean that it prevents me form making the right decision. While I did want my friend as my new vice captain, there were also facts to support the way I felt about why my current vice captain had to be replaced. Having said that even if my friend turned out to be even worse than his predecessor then I would on some level act rationally and replace my friend as well with someone else. Maybe that someone else might be chosen on the basis of my liking of that person but nevertheless the fact that I was willing to strip that post from him for the good of my house shows that it isn’t always down to our emotions which affect our judgement and how that judgement affects our pursuit of knowledge. The pursuit of knowledge in this case discusses knowing what is truly fair and right, and while I did what I thought was best for my house, I was also simultaneously fulfilling my own personal 1interests by choosing a close friend. The way I look at it, there is no harm in killing two birds with one stone. Then again when I say I did what I did because it was best for my house then the only reason I did what was best for my house was because of the emotional attachment I had towards my house itself and if changing my house captain was what I had to do then either way which ever decision I took was because my of emotions. So how do our emotions pave our path in our understanding of the decisions we make and weather those decisions are ethical or not? And how do those decisions in turn affect the way we pursue knowledge? Decision making requires a very cognitive thinking and conditional to the situation we are in we can classify our decisions as emotional or logical decisions. Making a logical decision requires us to exclude our emotions and seek to use only rational methods in arriving at a resolution. Such a situation could involve solving a simple maths problem. Considering my real life situation where is was supposed reach a verdict by using my emotional and logical thinking, making a choice in my houses best interest was on the basis of my logical thinking which was fueled my emotional attachment towards my house. Essentially to a large extent reason and emotions do go in conjunction with each other. Its been widely proven that the reasoning and emotional centers of our brains are inclined to work together in many situations from choosing which movie to watch to solving mathematical equations, to making ethical choices. In an experiment conducted by Neuroscientist Antonio Damasio, a group of subjects who had sustained brain injuries in the part of the brain where emotions were generated were studied. Everything about them remained the same except for the fact that they lost the ability to feel emotions. In his observations he found that their ability to make decisions was severely impaired. They could logically illustrate what they were doing but in practice found it very difficult to make decisions about what to eat, where to live, etc. Subjects like mathematics through which we use deductive logic to gain certain knowledge and state a valid argument on the basis of a true axiom or premise might seem rather emotionless compared to subjects to like the arts which involve terms like inspiration and expression of oneself through his/her emotions but as different as they seem, they both go hand in hand. When you tell a person he/she is horrible at a particular subject, he/she looses the motivation to push himself/herself to excel in that subject, however if you told that same person that he/she has a lot of potential to transcend in a certain subject, he/she feels obligated to unlock this talent he/she has for this subject that other people claim he/she has. By simply manipulating that persons emotions, you can essentially affect the way that person pursues that particular subject. An ground breaking event in history which incorporates biology and religion would be the time when Charles Darwin came up with the theory of evolution. While various religions have to come to reconcile their beliefs in this theory, there are religions that raise various objections to the concept of evolution. The religion of Christianity for example talks about how the world was created by its god in seven days, and this ideology had stayed strong and had been passed down generations for thousands of years. Even till today young children are acquainted with this story until the eight grade when they learn of Darwin’s theory of evolution. This sudden revelation of the truth can instigate people to deeply question their faith and its teachings which can deeply affect them on an emotional platform. Christianity like all religions give its followers a sense of belonging. They take pride in being a Christian and strictly follow its principals and values which were imbibed into them by their parents and their church, and to a large extent their faith plays a big role in defining their integrity and character. That being the case when they learn that all those years being followers of Christianity could well be a lie, it can cause them to fear and question their values and virtues. Due to the fact that their religion gave them so much happiness and joy, they would come to blindly accept it without casting any aspersions about it. As a result those positive emotions led them to could their reasoning and prevented them from thinking clearly therefore predominantly affecting their way of learning and how they accepted different truths. From the above example people are now forced to fight emotions with reasoning, and instead of blindly accepting any theories or prophecies told to them, people take a larger initiative to believe in these unknown theories only after personally witnessing it or understanding that respective phenomenon from studying rational facts. And yet from this whole phenomenon of evolution which changed the face of the world, millions of people are still strong believers of Christianity. And while they have simultaneously come to terms with the numerous theories which defy their religion, they continue living life by balancing their beliefs with what science throws at them. The fact of the matter is that believing in a greater power gives people a sense of comfort during a time of difficulty, it gives them this sense of safety that they have something or someone they can turn to, to help keep themselves and their emotions sound and under control. And maybe at the cost of escaping the actual truth they may give into their emotions to keep themselves convinced and satisfied in the fantasies which they feel protect them from the harshness of reality. And for that reason yes I do feel that our emotions affect our pursuit of knowledge and not in a way that we can trust them for the fact that our emotions strongly dilute reality to help us humans cope with life’s obstacles. 2 Emotions play a big role in the one of the ways of knowing. In fact emotions can be so powerful that it can sometime change our other ways of knowing, such as the way we perceive the world. It can drive us away from logic and even change the way we use language. In the end I have analysed how our emotions can give rise to us escaping the truth, and notwithstanding the fact that at the same time our emotions are also key to helping us make logical decisions.